March 13, 1976, NYT, Mr. Durst's Cleanup,
July 26, 1976, New York Times, VD Found Rising In Homosexuals; New York Bureau Reports, by Nathaniel Sheppard Jr.,
September 27, 1976, The Village Voice, The Bath Life Gets Respectability, by Arthur Bell,
February 4, 1977, New York Times, Op-Ed, Broadway That Once Was, by Richard F. Shepard,
6 Dead
May 25, 1977, The Nashua [NH] Telegraph, page 1, Where Six Died,
May 25, 1977, UPI - The Weirton [WV] Daily Times, page 1, Smokey Blaze Destroys Seedy Hotel, [at least six]
May 25, 1977, UPI - Denton [TX] Record-Chronicle, page 6, NYC hotel burns; at least 6 die,
May 25, 1977, UPI - The Berkshire Eagle (Pittsfield, MA) page 2, NYC fire kills six in hotel,
May 25, 1977, AP - Cumberland Evening Times (Maryland) page 1,Sauna Bath Fire Kills Six,
May 25, 1977, AP - The [Beacon, NY] Evening News, Massage Bath Fire Kills 6,
May 25, 1977, AP - The Gettysburg [PA] Times, page 14, Sauna Bath Fire Kills 6,
May 25, 1977, AP - The Bee (Danville, Virginia) page 2, Sauna Fire kills 6,
7 Dead
May 25, 1977, UPI - The Naples Daily News, page 1, In N.Y. Blaze, Several Hurt, [at least 7]
May 25, 1977, UPI - The Hour, [Norwalk, CT] page 49, Blaze In Hotel Kills 7, Injures 6,
May 25, 1977, UPI - The Daily Courier (Connellsville, PA) page 3, At Least Seven Dead in Blaze,
May 25, 1977, UPI - The Lowell Sun (MA) page 3, At least seven dead in Manhattan blaze
May 25, 1977, UPI - The Naples Daily News (Florida) page 1, In N.Y. Blaze, Several Are Hurt, [at least 7 killed]
May 25, 1977, UPI - Greeley [CO] Daily Tribune, page 26, New York hotel blaze Kills 7, by Cathy Booth,
May 25, 1977, UPI - Bennington Banner (VT) page 1, NYC fire guts gay hangout, 7 are dead,
May 25, 1977, UPI - Reading Eagle, page 1, Seven Die in Fire,
May 25, 1977, UPI - Reading Eagle - UPI Telephoto, page 3, Their Bath Interrupted by Blaze,
May 25, 1977, AP - The Oelwein [IA] Daily Register, page 1, Sauna bath fire kills 7 persons,
May 25, 1977, AP - Dixon [IL] Evening Telegraph, page 1, Seven killed in N.Y. fire,
May 25, 1977, AP - Arizona Daily Sun (Flagstaff) page 1, New York Sauna Bath Blaze Kills 7 Persons,
May 25, 1977, AP - The Sumter Daily Item, N.Y. Sauna Bath Fire Kills 7,
May 25, 1977, AP - Arizona Daily Sun (Flagstaff) page 1, New York Sauna Bath Blaze Kills 7 Persons,
May 25, 1977, AP - The Sumter [SC] Daily Item, page, NY Sauna Bath Fire Kills 7,
May 25, 1977, AP - Ocala Star-Banner, page 8, New York Sauna Fire Kills At Least Seven,
8 Dead
May 25, 1977, UPI - The Bryan Times,Manhattan Blaze Kills at Least 8, by Cathy Booth,
May 25, 1977, UPI - The Daily Herald (Provo, Utah) page 19, Blaze in N. Y. Rooming House Kills 8 Persons,
May 25, 1977, UPI - The Herald (Jasper, Indiana) page 1, At least eight persons are dead in Manhattan rooming house fire, by Cathy Booth,
May 25, 1977, UPI - The Columbus Telegram (Nebraska) page 1,Rooming house fire kills at least eight,
May 25, 1977, UPI - The Herald (Jasper, IN) page 1, At least eight persons are dead in Manhattan rooming house fire, by Cathy Booth
May 25, 1977, UPI - El Paso [TX] Herald-Post, page 15, Eight killed in fire,
May 25, 1977, UPI - The Daily Herald (Provo, Utah) page 19, Blaze in N. Y. Rooming House Kills 8 Persons,
May 25, 1977, AP - Lubbock [TX] Avalanche-Journal, page 1, Eight Die In Sauna Bath Fire
May 25, 1977, AP - Santa Cruz [CA] Sentinel, page 14, Sauna Bath Fire Kills 8 Persons,
May 25, 1977, AP - The Odessa [TX] American, page 1, Fire kills at least 8 persons,
May 25, 1977, AP - Progress Bulletin (Pomona, California) page 1, Eight die as sauna bath fire spreads,
May 25, 1977, AP - Tri-City Herald (Pasco, WA) page 1, 8 die in N.Y. blaze,
May 25, 1977, AP - The Amarillo Globe-Times (TX) page 1, Bathhouse Blaze Kills 8 in NYC,
May 25, 1977, AP - The Odessa [TX] American, page 1, Fire kills at least 8 persons,
May 25, 1977, UPI - The Emporia Gazette (Kansas) page 1, Hasty Departure, AP Wirephoto, [at least 8]
May 25, 1977, UPI - The Delta Democrat-Times (Greenville, MS) page 3, Fire casualties may exceed 20, [at least 8]
8 Dead
May 26, 1977, AP - The Danville Register (Va.) page 22, Eight Men Die In Fire At New York Bathhouse,
May 26, 1977, AP - Bradford Era, page 23, Eight men perish in bathhouse fire,
May 26, 1977, AP - The Morning Herald [Uniontown, PA] page 17, 8 Die in New York Blaze,
May 26, 1977, UPI - Lubbock [TX] Avalanche-Journal, page 29, At Least Eight Killed, 10 Hurt,
May 26, 1977, AP - The Joplin Globe, page 16, Fire in Midtown New York Bathhouse Kills Eight Men,
May 26, 1977, AP - Beckley Post-Herald, page 1, Bathhouse Blaze Kills 8, Hurts Many, by John Mulligan,
May 26, 1977, AP - Observer Reporter [Washington, PA] page 1, Fire Kills 8 In Bath House, by John Mulligan, AP Writer,
9 Dead
May 26, 1977, The Miami News, page 4, Stand-Alone Photo, Close Call,
May 26, 1977, AP - The Miami News, They Tried in Vain to Halt NY Fire That Killed 9 Men,
May 26, 1977, New York Daily News, 9 Die in W. Side Bathhouse Fire; Fear More Bodies in Rubble,
May 26, 1977, New York Daily News, W. Side Bathhouse Fire Kills 9, 2 Firemen, 10 Others Hurt; Toll May Rise, by Vincent Lee and Harry...Long Fight For Sprinklers,
May 26, 1977, AP - The Spokesman Review, AP Wirephoto, Flaming Bath,
May 26, 1977, UPI - Nevada Evening Gazette (Reno) page 1, Death By Fire; Four-alarm Blaze Destroys Shabby Bath House,
May 26, 1977, AP - The Indiana [PA] Gazette, page 6, Search Continues; Nine Men Killed In Bathhouse Fire,
May 26, 1977, AP - The Spartanburg [S.C.] Herald-Journal, Bathhouse Fire Fatal To Nine,
May 26, 1977, AP - The Mercury, [Pottstown, PA] page 46, Nine men Killed in N.Y. bathhouse fire,
May 26, 1977, AP - The Bee (Danville, VA) page 1, Strange Findings In Fatal Fire,
May 26, 1977, AP - The Bee, [Danville, Va.] page 1, Human Fly Climbing World Trade Center,
May 26, 1977, AP - The Bee, [Danville, Va.] page 4A, CIA; First Line of Our Defense, by Jack Anderson,
May 26, 1977, New York Times, 9 Killed by Fire at a West Side Bathhouse; Search Goes On for Bodies, by Carey Winfrey,
May 26, 1977, NYT, Baths Had a Fashionable History, by Peter B. Flint,
May 26, 1977, NYT, Homosexuals Mobilize to Aid Fire Victims, by Laurie Johnston,
May 26, 1977, AP - The Odessa [TX] American, page 8, Bathhouse occupants made attempts to put out fire,
May 26, 1977, The Miami News, page 4, Stand-Alone Photo, Close Call,
May 26, 1977, UPI - Valley News (Van Nuys, CA) page 19, At least 9 perish in New York flop house fire,
May 26, 1977, UPI - The Galveston Daily News, page 8, 9 Killed, 10 Hurt As Fire Destroys New York Bath House,
May 26, 1977, AP - The Mercury (Pottstown, PA) page 46, Nine men Killed in N.Y. bathhouse fire,
May 26, 1977, AP - Lubbock [TX] Avalanche-Journal, page 117, Thursday, May 26, 1977 - Page 117
May 26, 1977, AP - Progress Bulletin (Pomona, CA) page 4, Tried to halt mattress blaze in bathhouse,
May 26, 1977, NYT News Service - The Salt Lake Tribune (Utah) page 1,'Homosexual' Bathhouse Gutted by Fire, 9 Dead,
May 26, 1977, UPI - The Post-Standard (Syracuse, NY) page 1, UPI Stand-Alone Photo, Scene of Fatal Blaze,
May 26, 1977, AP - Anderson [IN] Herald, page 14, Blaze Kills 9 In New York Sauna,
May 26, 1977, AP - The Bakersfield Californian, page 7, Fire in NY bathhouse kills 9 with 12 hurt,
May 26, 1977, AP - The Daily Reporter (Dover, Ohio) page 5, 9 die in Sauna Blaze,
May 26, 1977, The Ottawa Journal (Ontario, Canada) page 38, Nine Dead, 10 Injured in Bathhouse Inferno,
May 26, 1977, AP - Anderson [IN] Daily Bulletin, page 3, Bathhouse fire leaves nine dead,
May 26, 1977, UPI - The Des Plaines [IL] Herald (Arlington Heights) page 21, Fire at New York bathhouse used by gays kills 9,
May 26, 1977, UPI - Greeley [CO] Daily Tribune, page 29, Search for dead goes on in fire rubble,
May 26, 1977, UPI - The Hays Daily News (Kansas) page 3, More feared dead in fire,
May 26, 1977, UPI - The Ogden [UT] Standard-Examiner, page 4, Toll of Death In N.Y. Fire Rises to Nine,
May 26, 1977, AP - The Corpus Christi Caller-Times, page 12, Bathhouse fire kills nine men,
May 26, 1977, AP - The Lincoln Star (Nebraska) page 18, 9 N.Y. men dead in bathhouse fire,
May 26, 1977, AP - Panama City News Herald, page 4, Eight Die In Flames At New York Bathhouse,
May 27, 1977, UPI - Kingsport [TN] News, page 4, Death Toll Feared High In Homosexual Flophouse,
May 27, 1977, AP - The Milwaukee Journal, Windows Sealed in Fire,
May 27, 1977, AP - The Evening News [Newburgh, NY], Windows Sealed Deaths,
May 27, 1977, New York Times, 9 Killed In Bath Fire Identified By Friends; Morgenthau Planning Investigation Into Whether Violations of Code Might Have Led to the Blaze, by Laurie Johnston,
May 28, 1977, NYT, Corrections,
May 28, 1977, New York Times, Stand-Alone Photo, Grim Task of Demolition:
May 28, 1977, AP - The Des Moines Register, page 4, Demolition begins at fatal fire site,
May 29, 1977, New York Times, Fund Is Established To Aid Fire Victims,
June 4, 1977, UPI - The Pittsburgh Courier, page 3, Stand-alone photo,Seven dead...,
June 7, 1977, New York Times, Metropolitan Briefs; No More Victims Found In Rubble of Bath House,
June 16, 1977, AP - The Evening News, [Newburgh, NY] page 8B, Gay Protestors Continue to Dog Anita Bryant,
June 16, 1977, AP - The Evening News, [Newburgh, NY] page 8B, Homosexuals Said United,
June 16, 1977, AP - The Evening News, [Newburgh, NY] page 8B, Gays Want TV To State Case,
June 22, 1977, The Bee (Danville, Virginia) page 21, Gay movement helped by Anita,
June 25, 1977, The Guardian, The Bay Goes Gay, by Christopher Reed,
July 7, 1977, The Evening Times (Sayre, PA) page 4, Year 1977 One of Disasterous Fires,
July 8, 1977, The Raleigh Register (Beckley, WV) page 4, Fiery 1977,
July 12, 1977, The Journal News (Hamilton, Ohio) page 4, Fire---a killer with an assortment of weapons, by Richard L. Worsnop, Editorial Research Reports
July 25, 1977, Northwest Arkansas Times (Fayetteville, AR) page 4,Disastrous Fires,
October 25, 1977, New York Times, Homosexuals In New York Find New Pride; Gains Are Enormous, by Grace Lichtenstein,
January 20, 1978, Arizona Gay News, page 9, One Person Dies in Castro Baths Fire,
May 3, 1987, New York Times, 4 New York Bath Houses Still Operate Under City's Program of Inspections, by Scott Bronstein,
October 1, 1988, New York Times, Health Officials Order Shutdown Of Gay Cinema, by Robert D. McFadden,
February 27, 1994, The Independent,Seven die in gay porn club fire,
June 11, 2000, New York Times, Journey to an Overlooked Past, by Marcia Biederman,
2004, (New York: Columbia University Press) From Abyssinian to Zion: A Guide to Manhattan's Houses of Worship, by David W. Dunlap,
December 9, 2007, New York Times,A Diva Cruises Again, by Michael Shae,
October 28, 2008, New York Times,Herbert Mitchell, 83, Collector of Images, Is Dead, by David Dunlap,
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March 12, 1976, NYT, Durst Asked to Quit His Cleanup Post,
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March 13, 1976, NYT, Mr. Durst's Cleanup,
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July 26, 1976, New York Times, VD Found Rising In Homosexuals; New York Bureau Reports, by Nathaniel Sheppard Jr., The free treatment and counseling provided by the city is currently available at Club Baths, at 24th Street and First Avenue, Everard Baths, 28th Street and ... View original in TimesMachine
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September 27, 1976, The Village Voice, The Bath Life Gets Respectability, by Arthur Bell,
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February 4, 1977, New York Times, Op-Ed, Broadway That Once Was, by Richard F. Shepard,
It's mostly unknown, undistinguished and unremembered, the short stretch of Manhattan that lies along Broadway and the Avenue of the Americas between 23rd and 33rd Streets, yet it was once at the heart of New York life, its Great White Way and its Tin Pan Alley. It's a no-name section that spills over into Chelsea and Madison Square Park on the south and abuts Herald Square on the north.
...
A short distance west of Broadway, at 28 West 28th Street is one of the most unusual buildings in the area, the Everard Bath. Best looked at from the outside, it has an exterior that asserts public function. There are two lights, one on each side of the entrance, and over the door is a round, tiled window in which the initials of the enterprise, EB, are set in a kind of art nouveau florish. According to the present owner, the building started life as a church in 1865 but has been a bathhouse (men only), since 1885; this was not verified but the place certainly looks old. View original in TimesMachine
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May 25, 1977, The Nashua [NH] Telegraph, page 1, Where Six Died,
Aerial ladders focus a stream of water into an upper window of the Everard Baths, a midtown New York sauna bath and rooming house today, where six persons ...
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May 25, 1977, UPI - The Weirton [WV] Daily Times, page 1, Smokey Blaze Destroys Seedy Hotel, [at least six]
O'Hagan said, "We have testimony from one person that there was a previous fire this morning around 5 or 6 a.m. Apparently the residents put out the fire themselves and didn't call us.
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May 25, 1977, UPI - Denton [TX] Record-Chronicle, page 6, NYC hotel burns; at least 6 die,
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May 25, 1977, UPI - The Berkshire Eagle (Pittsfield, MA) page 2, NYC fire kills six in hotel,
+page+2,+NYC+fire+kills+six+in+hotel,.jpeg)
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May 25, 1977, AP - Cumberland Evening Times (Maryland) page 1, Sauna Bath Fire Kills Six,
+page+1,+Sauna+Bath+Fire+Kills+Six,.jpeg)
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May 25, 1977, AP - The [Beacon, NY] Evening News, Massage Bath Fire Kills 6,
Walter LeBeau, 19, of East Brunswick, N.J.
Raymond Walsh, 20, of Old Bridge, N.J.
Fire Commissioner John T. O'Hagan,
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May 25, 1977, AP - The Gettysburg [PA] Times, page 14, Sauna Bath Fire Kills 6,
The Commissioner said the operators of the bathhouse had been ordered last August to install a sprinkler system in the building but had failed to do so.
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May 25, 1977, The Evening News, [Beacon, NY] page 1, Massage Bath Fire Kills 6,
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May 25, 1977, AP - The Bee (Danville, Virginia) page 2, Sauna Fire kills 6,
+page+2,+Sauna+Fire+kills+6,.jpeg)
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May 25, 1977, The Hour, [Norwalk, CT] page 49, Blaze In Hotel Kills 7, Injures 6,
At least seven people were killed and 10 injured — three of them critically — early today in the four alarm fire at the Everard Baths in midtown Manhattan.
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May 25, 1977, AP - Dixon [IL] Evening Telegraph, page 1, Seven killed in N.Y. fire,
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May 25, 1977, UPI - The Daily Courier (Connellsville, PA) page 3, At Least Seven Dead in Blaze,
"If there are others still in there, I'm afraid there's little hope they're alive," Fire Commissioner John T. O'Hagan said.
+page+3,+At+Least+Seven+Dead+in+Blaze,.jpeg)
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May 25, 1977, UPI - The Lowell Sun (MA) page 3, At least seven dead in Manhattan blaze,
+page+3,+At+least+seven+dead+in+Manhattan+blaze.jpeg)
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May 25, 1977, Arizona Daily Sun (Flagstaff) page 1, New York Sauna Bath Blaze Kills 7 Persons,
+page+1,+New+York+Sauna+Bath+Blaze+Kills+7+Persons,.jpeg)
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May 25, 1977, UPI - The Naples Daily News (Florida) page 1, In N.Y. Blaze, Several Are Hurt,[at least 7 killed]
"If there are others still in there, I'm afraid there's little hope they're alive," Fire Commissioner John T. O'Hagan said.
Some 100 firemen used 31 pieces of equipment to fight the blaze, which burned out of control for almost two hours.
O'Hagan said, "We have testimony from one person that there was a previous fire this morning around 5 or 6 a.m. Apparently the residents put out the fire themselves and didn't call us."
Raymond Walsh, 26, of Old Bridge, N.J., said he was on the second floor of the building when the fire began.
"I felt it. I kind of woke up and saw the reflection of orange under the door and then I could feel the heat. Iy was right in the next cubicle. I just got up and got out of there."
+page+1,+In+N.Y.+Blaze,+Several+Hurt,.jpeg)
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May 25, 1977, UPI - Greeley [CO] Daily Tribune, page 26, New York hotel blaze Kills 7, by Cathy Booth,
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May 25, 1977, UPI - Bennington Banner (Vermont) page 1, NYC fire guts gay hangout, 7 are dead,
+page+1,+NYC+fire+guts+gay+hangout,+7+are+dead,.jpeg)
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May 25, 1977, UPI - Reading Eagle, page 1, Seven Die in Fire,
May 25, 1977, Reading Eagle - UPI Telephoto, page 3, Their Bath Interrupted by Blaze,
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May 25, 1977, AP - Arizona Daily Sun (Flagstaff) page 1, New York Sauna Bath Blaze Kills 7 Persons,
+page+1,+New+York+Sauna+Bath+Blaze+Kills+7+Persons,.jpeg)
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May 25, 1977, AP - The Oelwein [IA] Daily Register, page 1, Sauna bath fire kills 7 persons,
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May 25, 1977, AP - Dixon [IL] Evening Telegraph, page 1, Seven killed in N.Y. fire,
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May 25, 1977, AP - The Sumter Daily Item, N.Y. Sauna Bath Fire Kills 7,
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May 25, 1977, AP - The Sumter [SC] Daily Item, page, NY Sauna Bath Fire Kills 7,
NEW YORK — A fire swept through a sauna bath and rooming house in midtown ... persons were trapped inside the Everard Baths at 28th Street near Broadway in ...
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May 25, 1977, AP - Ocala Star-Banner, page 8, New York Sauna Fire Kills At Least Seven,
NEW YORK - A fire swept through a sauna bath and rooming house in ... more persons were trapped inside the Everard Baths at 28th Street near Broadway in ...
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May 25, 1977, UPI - The Bryan Times, Manhattan Blaze Kills at Least 8, by Cathy Booth,
One police officer familiar with the area said the bath house "did a tremendous business with homosexuals...."
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May 25, 1977, UPI - The Daily Herald (Provo, Utah) page 19, Blaze in N. Y. Rooming House Kills 8 Persons,
+page+19,+Blaze+in+N.+Y.+Rooming+House+Kills+8+Persons,+2.jpeg)
+page+19,+Blaze+in+N.+Y.+Rooming+House+Kills+8+Persons,+1.jpeg)
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May 25, 1977, AP - The Odessa [TX] American, page 1, Fire kills at least 8 persons,
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May 25, 1977, UPI - The Herald (Jasper, Indiana) page 1, At least eight persons are dead in Manhattan rooming house fire, by Cathy Booth,
+page+1,++At+least+eight+persons+are+dead+in+Manhattan+rooming+house+fire,+by+Cathy+Booth.jpeg)
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May 25, 1977, UPI - The Columbus Telegram (Nebraska) page 1, Rooming house fire kills at least eight,
"If there are others still in there, I'm afraid there's little hope they're alive. It's more like a Bowery rooming house," Fire Commissioner John O'Hagan said, adding the search for bodies could go on weeks.
One police man familiar with the area said the bathhouse "did a tremendous business with homosexuals, but it was never really a source of trouble. We would get a lot of calls about lovers' quarrels, but it was usually nothing serious."
+page+1,+Rooming+house+fire+kills+at+least+eight,.jpeg)
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May 25, 1977, AP - Lubbock Avalanche-Journal (TX) page 1, Eight Die In Sauna Bath Fire,
+page+1,+Eight+Die+In+Sauna+Bath+Fire.jpeg)
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May 25, 1977, AP - Santa Cruz [CA] Sentinel, page 14, Sauna Bath Fire Kills 8 Persons,
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May 25, 1977, UPI - The Herald (Jasper, Indiana) page 1, At least eight persons are dead in Manhattan rooming house fire, by Cathy Booth
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May 25, 1977, AP -Progress Bulletin (Pomona, California) page 1, Eight die as sauna bath fire spreads,
+page+1,+Eight+die+as+sauna+bath+fire+spreads,.jpeg)
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May 25, 1977, AP - Tri-City Herald (Pasco, WA) page 1, 8 die in N.Y. blaze,
Fire Commissioner John T. O'Hagan said he didn't know whether more persons were trapped inside the Everard Baths at 28th Street near Broadway in the wholesale flower market district.
+page+1,+8+die+in+N.Y.+blaze,.jpeg)
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May 25, 1977, UPI - El Paso [TX] Herald-Post, page 15, Eight killed in fire,
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May 25, 1977, AP - The Amarillo Globe-Times (TX) page 1, Bathhouse Blaze Kills 8 in NYC,
+page+1,+Bathhouse+Blaze+Kills+8+in+NYC,.jpeg)
+page+1,+Bathhouse+Blaze+Kills+8+in+NYC,2.jpeg)
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May 25, 1977, AP - The Odessa [TX] American, page 1, Fire kills at least 8 persons,
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May 25, 1977, UPI - The Daily Herald (Provo, Utah) page 19, Blaze in N. Y. Rooming House Kills 8 Persons,
+page+19,+Blaze+in+N.+Y.+Rooming+House+Kills+8+Persons,+2.jpeg)
Firemen Battle a smokey blaze early today...UPI Telephoto
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May 25, 1977, UPI - The Naples Daily News, page 1, In N.Y. Blaze, Several Hurt,
+page+1,+In+N.Y.+Blaze,+Several+Hurt,.jpeg)
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May 25, 1977, UPI - The Emporia Gazette (Kansas) page 1, Hasty Departure, AP Wirephoto,
+page+1,+Hasty+Departure,,+AP+Wirephoto,.jpeg)
+page+3,+Fire+casualties+may+exceed+20,.jpeg)
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May 25, 1977, UPI - The Delta Democrat-Times (Greenville, MS) page 3, Fire casualties may exceed 20,
+page+3,+Fire+casualties+may+exceed+20,.jpeg)
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May 26, 1977, UPI - Lubbock [TX] Avalanche-Journal, page 29, At Least Eight Killed, 10 Hurt,
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May 26, 1977, AP - The Joplin Globe, page 16, Fire in Midtown New York Bathhouse Kills Eight Men,
... the occupants of the four-story building containing the Everard Baths ... the fire could said the Michael Rhone of Rhone described the scene ...
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May 26, 1977, AP - Beckley Post-Herald, page 1, Bathhouse Blaze Kills 8, Hurts Many, by John Mulligan,
... four-story building containing the Everard Baths had tried ineffectually to fight ... walls so the fire could spread," said the actor, Michael Rhone of Manhattan.
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May 26, 1977, AP - Observer Reporter [Washington, PA] page 1, Fire Kills 8 In Bath House, by John Mulligan, AP Writer,
Michael Rhone
Fire officials said the occupants of the four-story building containing the Everard Baths had tried ineffectually to fight the fire themselves and flames were roaring through two floors when firemen arrived shortly after 7 a.m.
An unreported mattress fire about an hour earlier was suspected of being the cause.
6 1/2-by 4-foot cubicle, and $5 for just a locker, on weekdays. Weekends the prices were $9.25 and $6 for eight hours, according to baths manager Nat Pressman.
The flames were brought under control by 200 firefighters after about 1 1/2 hours, but Fire Commissioner John O'Hagan pulled his men back from searching for bodies for fear that the weakened, partially collapsed structure might come down on them.
He said a search for bodies would continue using a crane to pick at debris. "We now have the job of searching 135 cubicles," he said.
The owner of the baths, Irving Fine, 62, estimated that between 80 and 100 customers were in the building, but an exact number was not determined immediately.
Firemen said they rescued 12 persons from windows. Others jumped, including some from the third floor who were among those hospitalized.
Deputy Chief Fire Marshall John Barracato said sign-in procedure at the for-men only establishment was "informal or nonexistent."
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May 26, 1977, AP - The Danville [VA] Register, Eight Men Die In Fire At New York Bathhouse, Cached,
May 26, 1977, The Register, Danville, Va., Eight Men Die In Fire At New York Bathhouse,
HASTY DEPARTURE -- Several guests from the Everard Baths in midtown New York complete their dressing as fire routed the occupants of the building. At least eight persons died in the blaze and more than a dozen were injured. The search for victims will continue. (APWirephoto)
NEW YORK (AP) - Nine men died Wednesday after flames and smoke enveloped a 70-year-old bathhouse frequented by homosexuals, about six blocks south of the Empire State Building. Fire officials said the occupants of the four-story structure housing the Everard Baths had tried unsuccessfully to fight the fire themselves. When firemen arrived shortly after 7 a.m. flames were roaring through two floors of the building.
An unreported mattress fire about an hour earlier was suspected of being the cause. The bathhouse was partitioned into cubicles, where facilities were provided for patrons to spend the night. The bodies of eight men were found in the building, and a ninth man died later in a hospital.
More than a dozen persons were taken to hospitals; one was in critical condition. Two firemen also required hospital treatment for smoke inhalation. One of the survivors, a 26-year-old actor, declared bitterly that the city allows hazardous conditions to exist where homosexuals congregate.
'"Faggots' are given a certain amount of liberty in New York City and most of that is to hang out in sleazy sorts of low places that are substandard. At a straight health spa you wouldn't have rooms partitioned halfway up the walls so the fire could spread," said the actor, Michael Rhone of Manhattan.
Rhone described the scene as a "thick, smoking hell, but the people were very together. No one went crazy or haywire."
The flames were brought under control by 200 firefighters after about 1 1/2 hours, but Fire Commissioner John O'Hagan pulled his men back from searching for bodies for fear that the weakened, partially collapsed structure might come down on them. He said a search for bodies would continue using a crane to pick at debris. "We now have the job of searching 135 cubicles," he said. The owner of the baths, Irving Fine, 62, estimated that between 80 and 100 customers were in the building, but an exact number was not determined immediately.
Deputy Chief Fire Marshal John Barracato said sign-in procedure at the for-men-only establishment was "informal or nonexistent." Customers were charged $7 for 12 hours for a 6%- by 4-foot cubicle, and $5 for just a locker, on weekdays. Weekends the prices were $9.25 and $6 for eight hours, according to baths manager Nat Pressman.
Rhone described the clientele as "your old men, young gorgeous men, your models and your successful businessmen."
The building, on 28th Street between Broadway and Sixth Avenue, dates to 1888 and got its name from beer baron Jim Everard who made it a bathhouse in 1907. Then the area was in the Tenderloin red- light and. gambling district. Now it is in the wholesale flower district.
The commissioner said the operators of the bathhouse had been ordered last year to install sprinklers. He said this was done, but the system had not been hooked up. "A sprinkler would have prevented" this fire in all probability," he added. Firemen said they rescued 12 persons from windows. Others jumped, including some from the third floor who were among those, hospitalized.
FLAMING BATH -- Firemen, left, fight the flames from adjoining building as the upper floors, which eventually collapsed, are engulfed in fire at the midtown New York sauna bath and rooming house. The owner of the Everard Baths said that there were between 80 and 100 persons in the building when the fire broke out. Seven persons died and more than a dozen were injured but fire officials say it could take weeks to complete a search for bodies. (APWirephoto)
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May 26, 1977, AP - The Morning Herald [Uniontown, PA] page 17, 8 Die in New York Blaze,
Cached ... and got Its name from beer baron Jim Everard who made it a bathhouse in 1887. ... walls so the fire could spread," said the actor, Michael Rhone of Manhattan.
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May 26, 1977, AP - Bradford Era, page 23, Eight men perish in bathhouse fire,
Michael Rhone of Manhattan. ... Sixth Avenue, dates to 1888 and got its name from beer baron Jim Everard who made it a bathhouse in 1907.
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May 26, 1977, The Miami News, page 4, Stand-Alone Photo, Close Call,
Firemen said occupants tried in vain to put out a mattress fire before reporting it an hour later. Everard Baths, licensed as a temporary dormitory, was destroyed.
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May 26, 1977, New York Daily News, 9 Die in W. Side Bathhouse Fire; Fear More Bodies in Rubble,
May 26, 1977, New York Daily News, W. Side Bathhouse Fire Kills 9, 2 Firemen, 10 Others Hurt; Toll May Rise, by Vincent Lee and Harry...Long Fight For Sprinklers,
April 7, 2012, Gay History, by Gay Activist, New York's Everard Baths fire, by Paul,
An illegible page 3 (only by cross reference) of the Daily News posted as "gay history" by a "gay activist" named "Paul."
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May 26, 1977, AP - The Miami News, They Tried in Vain to Halt NY Fire That Killed 9 Men,
Every word by this AP writer is a lie passed on by O'Hagan.
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May 26, 1977, AP - The Spokesman Review, AP Wirephoto, Flaming Bath,
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May 26, 1977, UPI - Nevada Evening Gazette (Reno) page 1, Death By Fire; Four-alarm Blaze Destroys Shabby Bath House, [Nine men]
"From the looks of it, I'm afraid there could be more dead," said Fire Commissioner John T. Hagan. "The entire rear of the building has collapsed. It could be a week before we know how many were trapped in there."
"The bath residents apparently put out a fire in a mattress around 5 or 6 a.m. without calling the fire department," O'Hagan said. "There is a high probability that the earlier mattress fire was never extinguished and that it re-ignited."
"At first I thought someone was using a sun lamp or something. I just saw some orange. You really couldn't smell anything," said Michael James, 29, of Philadelphia, who was on the second floor when the fire broke out.
"Then in a matter of seconds, the halls were filled with a dense smoke, the electricity went out and it was pitch dark."
Raymond Walsh, 20, of Old Bridge, N.J., was nearly trapped by the flames. "I just felt it," he said. It was right in the next cubicle. I just got up and got out of there."
+page+1,+Death+By+Fire,.jpeg)
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May 26, 1977, AP - The Indiana [PA] Gazette, page 6, Search Continues; Nine Men Killed In Bathhouse Fire,
NEW YORK (AP) -- Occupants of a midtown bathhouse destroyed by a fire that killed at least nine men tried in vain to put out a mattress fire before they reported the blaze an hour later, according to Fire Commissioner John O'Hagan.
O'Hagan's men found a number of spent fire extinguishers in the once-fashionable Everard Baths, also licensed as a temporary dormitory...
A sprinkler system had been installed at the baths but was not hooked up to a water supply, O'Hagan told a news conference.
"The bath residents apparently put out a fire in a mattress around 5 or 6 a.m. without calling the fire department," O'Hagan said. "There is a high probability that the earlier mattress fire was never extinguished and that it re-ignited."
"We now have the job of searching 135 cubicles," said O'Hagan, who would not permit his men to look for victims Wednesday night because of fear the building would collapse on them.
By the time firemen arrived at the scene, on West 28th Street between Broadway and Sixth Avenue, flames were roaring through two floors and the bathhouse was what one survivor described as a "thick, smoking hell."
An 18-year-old survivor said he was trapped by smoke on the third floor.
"I grabbed a bar outside the bathroom window and swung to the other roof at the back," he said.
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May 26, 1977, AP - The Spartanburg [S.C.] Herald-Journal, Bathhouse Fire Fatal To Nine,
...occupants of the four-story structure housing the Everard Baths had tried ... up the walls so the fire could spread," said the actor, Michael Rhone of Manhattan.
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May 26, 1977, AP - The Mercury, [Pottstown, PA] page 46, Nine men Killed in N.Y. bathhouse fire,
26-year-old actor Michael Rhone, of Manhattan
Fire Commissioner John O'Hagan
bath owner, Irving Fine
Deputy Chief Fire Marshall, John Barracato
baths' manager, Nat Pressman
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May 26, 1977, AP -The Bee (Danville, VA) page 1, Strange Findings In Fatal Fire,
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May 26, 1977, AP - The Bee, [Danville, Va.] page 1, Human Fly Climbing World Trade Center,
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May 26, 1977, AP - The Bee, [Danville, Va.] page 4A, CIA; First Line of Our Defense, by Jack Anderson,
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Home Stu Beitler, GenDisasters - Events That Touched Our Ancestors' Lives
Stu Beitler;
Member History for 6 years 39 weeks
May 26, 1977, AP - The Bee [Danville Virginia] Strange Findings in Fatal Fire,
STRANGE FINDINGS IN FATAL FIRE.
New York, (AP) -- Occupants of a midtown bathhouse destroyed by a fire that killed at least nine men tried in vain to put out a mattress fire before they reported the blaze an hour later, according to Fire Commissioner John O'Hagan.
O'Hagan's men found a number of spent fire extinguishers in the once-fashionable Everard Baths, also licensed as a temporary dormitory and frequented by homosexuals. At least a dozen men were injured in the fire.
A sprinkler system had been installed at the baths but was not hooked up to a water supply, O'Hagan told a news conference. He said that the bathhouse had been ordered to install the sprinkler system a year ago, but the deadline for its operation was not until the coming July 27.
Firemen today will look for other possible victims. Officials aid the search could go on for a week. The bathhouse had from 80 to 100 occupants, many of them overnight visitors, when the blaze broke out shortly after 7 a.m. Wednesday.
Many of the occupants registered under false names, and the city medical examiner said none of the dead had been identified.
"We now have the job of searching 135 cubicles," said O'Hagan, who would not permit his men to look for victims Wednesday night because of fear the building would collapse on them.
The Everard Baths had been a homosexual meeting place for two decades, but in the 1920s, it was considered one of the major Turkish bathhouses in Manhattan.
Built around 1890 by Irish brewer James Everard, it attracted a middle-class and wealthy clientele.
Homosexuals around the city organized Wednesday to donate blood and raise money for the injured. Many criticized the baths as a health hazard and said inspectors permitted fire and safety violations because of the gay clientele.
Others said they hoped the publicity generated by the fire would not cause city officials to harass other homosexual establishments.
The fire spread rapidly through the building, filled with 6 1/2 foot-by-4-foot cubicles separated by only half partitions.
By the time firemen arrived at the scene, on West 28th Street between Broadway and Sixth Avenue, flames were roaring through two floors and the bathhouse was what one survivor described as "thick smoking hell."
An 18-year-old survivor said he was trapped by smoke on the third floor.
Many occupants ran onto the street wearing only towels. Some were injured jumping from the third floor. About a dozen others were brought down from windows by firemen.
Fire officials said firemen had to hack their way through many windows that had been sealed with sheetrock or asbestos.
The Bee Danville Virginia 1977-05-26
List of the Casualties:
HILLMAN WESLEY ADAMS, 40, South Plains, New Jersey.
AMADO ALAMO, 17, Manhattan.
ANTHONY CALARCO, Bronx.
KENNETH HILL, 38, Manhattan.
BRIAN DUFFY, 30.
PATRICK KNOTT, 38, Manhattan.
IRA LANDAU, 32, Manhattan.
YOSEF SIGNOVEC, 30, Czech.
JAMES CHARLES STUARD, 30, Manhattan.
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May 26, 1977, New York Times, 9 Killed by Fire at a West Side Bathhouse; Search Goes On for Bodies, by Carey Winfrey, View original in TimesMachine,
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May 26, 1977, NYT, Baths Had a Fashionable History, by Peter B. Flint, The Everard Baths, built about 1890, was one of the leading Turkish and Russian bathhouses in Manhattan for decades, attracting a widespread and well-to-do ...View original in TimesMachine,
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May 26, 1977, NYT, Homosexuals Mobilize to Aid Fire Victims, by Laurie Johnston, Homosexuals in New York City and elsewhere mobilized yesterday after what some called the "inevitable" disaster at the Everard Baths, on West 28th Street. View original in TimesMachine
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May 26, 1977, AP - The Odessa [TX] American, page 8, Bathhouse occupants made attempts to put out fire,
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May 26, 1977, The Miami News, page 4, Stand-Alone Photo, Close Call,
Firemen said occupants tried in vain to put out a mattress fire before reporting it an hour later. Everard Baths, licensed as a temporary dormitory, was destroyed.
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May 26, 1977, UPI - Valley News (Van Nuys, CA) page 19, At least 9 perish in New York flop house fire,
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May 26, 1977, UPI - The Galveston Daily News, page 8, 9 Killed, 10 Hurt As Fire Destroys New York Bath House,
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May 26, 1977, AP - The Mercury (Pottstown, PA) page 46, Nine men Killed in N.Y. bathhouse fire,
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May 26, 1977, AP - Lubbock [TX] Avalanche-Journal, page 117, Bathhouse Occupants Fought Mattress Fire,
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May 26, 1977, AP -Progress Bulletin (Pomona, CA) page 4, Tried to halt mattress blaze in bathhouse,
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May 26, 1977, NYT News Service - The Salt Lake Tribune (Utah) page 1, 'Homosexual' Bathhouse Gutted by Fire, 9 Dead,
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May 26, 1977, UPI - The Post-Standard (Syracuse, NY) page 1, UPI Stand-Alone Photo, Scene of Fatal Blaze,
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May 26, 1977, AP - Anderson [IN] Herald, page 14, Blaze Kills 9 In New York Sauna,
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May 26, 1977, AP - The Bakersfield Californian, page 7, Fire in NY bathhouse kills 9 with 12 hurt,
Firemen said they rescued 12 persons from windows. Others jumped, including some from the third floor who were among those hospitalized. A number who fled out the door wore only bath towels.
Fire officials said the occupants of the four-story building containing the Everard Baths had tried ineffectually to fight the fire themselves and flames were roaring through two floors when firemen arrived shortly after 7 a.m.
The flames were brought under control by 200 fire fighters after about 1 1/2 hours, but John O'Hagan pulled his men back from searching for bodies for fear that the weakened, partially collapsed structure might come down on them
He said a search for bodies would continue using a crane to pick at debris.
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May 26, 1977, AP - The Daily Reporter (Dover, Ohio) page 5, 9 die in Sauna Blaze,
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May 26, 1977, The Ottawa Journal (Ontario, Canada) page 38, TNine Dead, 10 Injured in Bathhouse Inferno,
+page+38,+TNine+Dead,+10+Injured+in+Bathhouse+Inferno,.jpeg)
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May 26, 1977, AP - Anderson [IN] Daily Bulletin, page 3, Bathhouse fire leaves nine dead,
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May 26, 1977, UPI - The Des Plaines [IL] Herald (Arlington Heights) page 21, Fire at New York bathhouse used by gays kills 9,
+page+21,+Fire+at+New+York+bathhouse+used+by+gays+kills+9,.jpeg)
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May 26, 1977, UPI - Greeley [CO] Daily Tribune, page 29, Search for dead goes on in fire rubble,
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May 26, 1977, UPI - The Hays Daily News (Kansas) page 3, More feared dead in fire,
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May 26, 1977, UPI - The Ogden [UT] Standard-Examiner, page 4, Toll of Death In N.Y. Fire Rises to Nine,
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May 26, 1977, AP - The Corpus Christi Caller-Times, page 12, Bathhouse fire kills nine men,
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May 26, 1977, AP - The Lincoln Star (Nebraska) page 18, 9 N.Y. men dead in bathhouse fire,
+page+18,+9+N.Y.+men+dead+in+bathhouse+fire,.jpeg)
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May 26, 1977, AP - Panama City News Herald, page 4, Eight Die In Flames At New York Bathhouse,
Cached,
NEW YORK (AP) - Eight men perished Wednesday morning in flames and smoke that enveloped a 70-year-old bathhouse frequented by homosexuals, about six blocks south of the Empire Stale Building.
Fire officials said the occupants of the four-story building containing the Everard Baths had tried ineffectually to fight the fire themselves and flames were roaring through two floors when firemen arrived shortly after 7 am.
An unreported mattress fire about an hour earlier was suspected of being the cause.
More than a dozen persons were taken to hospitals, including two firemen treated for smoke Inhalation. Two of the injured were in critical condition.
One of the survivors, a 20 year-old actor, declared bitterly thai the city allows hazardous conditions to exist where homosexuals congregate.
IN FULL BLAZE-Flames leap from the window of a midtown New York sauna bath and rooming house Wednesday, as firemen use aerial equipment to control the fatal fire. (AP LASER-PHOTO).
"Faggots' are given a certain amount of liberty in New York City and most of that is to hang out in sleazy sorts of low places that are substandard. At a straight health spa you wouldn't have rooms partitioned halfway up the walls so the fire could spread." said the actor. Michael Rhone of Manhattan
Rhone described the scene as a "thick, smoking hell, but the people were very together No one went crazy or haywire "
The flames were brought under control by 200 fire fighters after about 1 1/2 hours, but Fire Commissioner John O'Hagan pulled his men back from searching for bodies for fear that the weakened, partially collapsed structure might come down on them
He said a search for bodies would continue using a crane to pick at debris "We now have the job of searching 135 cubicles." he said.
The owner of the baths. Irving Fine. 62, estimated that between 80 and 100 customers were In the building, but an exact number was not determined Immediately.
Deputy Chief Fire Marshal John Barracato said sign-in procedure at the for men-only establishment was "informal or nonexistent.
Customers were charged $7 for 12 hours for a 6-foot by 4-foot cubicle and $5 for just a locker.
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May 27, 1977, UPI - Kingsport [TN] News, page 4, Death Toll Feared High In Homosexual Flophouse,
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May 27, 1977, AP - The Milwaukee Journal, Windows Sealed in Fire,
New York, NY — Fire officials said Thursday that illegally sealed windows at the Everard Baths contributed to the deaths of nine persons killed In a fire at the ...
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May 27, 1977, AP - The Evening News [Newburgh, NY], Windows Sealed Deaths,
Fire officials say illegally sealed windows contributed to the nine or more deaths and the dozen injuries that occurred Wednesday during the fire that destroyed the Everard Baths, a bath house that catered to homosexuals.
May 27, 1977, AP - The Evening News [Newburgh, NY], Windows Sealed Deaths,
Fire officials say illegally sealed windows contributed to the nine or more deaths and the dozen injuries that occurred Wednesday during the fire that destroyed the Everard Baths, a bath house that catered to homosexuals.
A spokesman for the fire department said the windows were sealed with paneling and insulation. "Had the paneling not been there we might have gotten everybody out," he said.
Meanwhile, fire officials have begun a search through the charred ruins of the baths for more possible victims of the Wednesday fire which gutted the four-story building.
Seven of the dead were identified by medical officials Thursday as
Patrick Knott, 27, of Bay Parkway, in Brooklyn;
Kenneth Hill, 38, of West Fourth Street in Manhattan;
Adamo Alamo, 17, of West 108th Street, Manhattan
Hillman Wesley Adams, 40, of Ashbrook Drive, Scotch Plains, NJ.;
Ira Landau, 32, of West 75th Street in Manhattan;
James Charles Stuard, 30, of East 25 Street, in Manhattan and
Brian Duffy, 30, no address given.
The two other victims have not been identified.
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May 27, 1977, NYT, 9 Killed In Bath Fire Identified By Friends; Morgenthau Planning Investigation Into Whether Violations of Code Might Have Led to the Blaze, by Laurie Johnston,
The nine known dead in the Everard Baths fire were identified yesterday, mostly by friends rather than family members, as District Attorney Robert M. Morgenthau...View original in TimesMachine,
The nine known dead in the Everard Baths fire were identified yesterday, mostly by friends rather than family members, as District Attorney Robert M. Morgenthau of Manhattan announced an investigation as to whether criminal violations of the fire and building codes might have caused the blaze Wednesday.
According to a Fire Department spokesman, rescue efforts were slowed by the small, round windows on the third floor and by paneling and insulation that covered all windows.
Seven of the nine persons injured in the fire at the homosexual bathhouse, at 28 West 28th Street, remained hospitalized, one in critical condition. Fire officials said other bodies might be found in the rubble.
The early morning fire sent 80 to 100 men fleeing from the building, some clad only in towels. Further search of the partially collapsed ruins awaited the removal of suspended wreckage by a crane.
Patrons and former patrons of the Everard Baths said yesterday that its practice of not requiring registration made it impossible to tell whether all customers present had been accounted for.
Inspections at Issue
Amid charges by homosexual-community leaders that the city "looks the other way in protecting the safety of gays," the investigation was expected to center on whether the Everard Baths had been improperly inspected or approved in view of their use.
The certificate of occupancy issued in 1921, when the Everard retained some of its fashionable clientele as a Turkish bath, described it as a "bathhouse and dormitories." Since then, most of the second and third floors have been divided into cubicles, with scarcely room for a bed and coat hangers, and with plywood partitions part way to the ceiling.
Irving E. Minkin, director of operations for the Buildings Department, said yesterday that the baths had passed inspection after a fire in March 1972 made renovation necessary. But he said he could only refer to plans filed with the department.
"We had no idea of cubicles there--there was no indication to us of any use other than stated in the certificate of occupancy," Mr. Minkin said. "The question of cubicles is 'iffy'--they would not change the basic legal use but might give us cause for concern."
Crowds of spectators opposite the burned-out building yesterday could see the partially detached pipes of an overhead sprinkler system, which was installed in response to a July 1977 deadline set by the Fire Department, but which had not been connected to the street main.
Sprinkler Order Rescinded
A 1964 Fire Department order to install sprinklers was rescinded in 1965, after the owners "provided certain safety items," said the first deputy fire commissioner, Stephen J. Murphy. There was no order to install sprinklers following the 1972 fire and renovation. However, in keeping with new fire regulations, the installation was ordered again last year.
A widespread rumor, said to be "gay community lore," that the Everard Baths were owned by either the Police Benevolent Association or the Police Athletic League, drew denials, including one from Mr. Morgenthau, who said "that it's not owned by the Police Athletics League, because I'm the president of the P.A.L."
Of the nine men who died in the fire, seven succumbed to smoke inhalation, one to respiratory burns and one--who jumped from an upper floor--to a fractured spine.
They were identified by the Medical Examiner's office as Amadi Alamo, 17 years old, West 108th Street; Kenneth Hill, 38, West 4th Street; Ira Landau, 32, West 75th Street, and James Stuard, 30, East 25th Street, all of Manhattan; Anthony Calarco, about 25, 1519 Mace Avenue, the Bronx; Patrick Knott, 27, Bay Parkway, Brooklyn; Hillman Wesley Adams, 40, Scotch Plains, N.J., and Brian Duffy and Nicholas Smith, no addresses given.
One patron who jumped, Philip Osbaum, 50, was listed in critical condition at Bellevue Hospital with a fractured trachea and fractured ribs. Others there, listed as satisfactory, are Kevin Duffley, 33; Luis Figueroa, 22, and John Stanisz, 22, inhalation and multiple minor injuries, all of Manhattan; Alexander Mamon, 28, Jamaica, Queens, inhalation and fractured ankle.
Thomas Dyer, a fireman, remained at Bellevue Hospital suffering from smoke inhalation.
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May 28, 1977, NYT, Corrections, In an article in The Times yesterday, Nicholas Smith was incorrectly listed as among the dead in a fire at the Everard Baths. The name should have been Yosef Synovec, 30 years old, of 201 West 70th Street. Mr. Smith, a friend, had identified his body...View original in TimesMachine
(The Times, a morning paper, had reported that Nicholas Smith, no age or address given, had been "identified by the Medical Examiner's office" as the ninth victim, while the AP wire sent out later that day reported the deceased as being Yosef Signovec, 30, "Czech," which seems to mean a visiting Czech citizen and not a New York resident, which the AP gave as his address would imply. Brian Duffy, the second of two victims whose age and address were not given out by the Medical Examiner's office as first published in The Times, was later listed as "age 30," by the AP.)_________________________________________________________________________________
May 28, 1977, New York Times, Stand-Alone Photo, Grim Task of Demolition: Workmen operate a crane to remove rubble at site of Everard Baths on West 28th Street and begin search for more bodies. Fire swept four-story structure, killing nine persons on Wednesday. Wreath on crane was left by someone who wanted it placed at the site. The New York Times/John Solo, View original in TimesMachine,
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May 28, 1977, AP - The Des Moines Register, page 4, Demolition begins at fatal fire site,
Demolition of a burned-out West Side bathhouse that catered to homosexuals began Friday as a prelude to a search for bodies.
A fire swept the four-story structure earlier this week, and nine persons are known to have died.
"It may take a couple of days," said city inspector Henry Twonley. He added that the front wall of the Everard Baths had to come down, and the debris-clogged rear area had to be cleared before the body hunt began._________________________________________________________________________________
May 29, 1977, New York Times, Fund Is Established To Aid Fire Victims,
A fund to help the victims of the fire last Wednesday that swept the Everard Baths at 28 West 28th Street has been established by the Metropolitan Community ...View original in TimesMachine
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June 4, 1977, UPI - The Pittsburgh Courier, page 3, Stand-alone photo, Seven dead...,
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June 7, 1977, New York Times, Metropolitan Briefs; No More Victims Found In Rubble of Bath House,
Fire Commissioner John T. O'Hagan announced yesterday that the search of the rubble of the Everard Baths at 28 West 28th Street had. turned up no additional ...View original in TimesMachine
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June 16, 1977, AP - The Evening News, [Newburgh, NY] page 8B, Gay Protestors Continue to Dog Anita Bryant,
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June 16, 1977, AP - The Evening News, [Newburgh, NY] page 8B, Homosexuals Said United,
of positive action within the "gay" community Is the drive to raise money for the victims of the May 25 fire at the Everard Baths Nine men were kill ed and 14 were ...
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June 16, 1977, AP - The Evening News, [Newburgh, NY] page 8B, Gays Want TV To State Case,
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June 22, 1977, AP - The Bee (Danville, Virginia) page 21, Gay movement helped by Anita,
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June 25, 1977, The Guardian, The Bay Goes Gay, by Christopher Reed,
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July 7, 1977, The Evening Times (Sayre, PA) page 4, Year 1977 One of Disastrous Fires,
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July 8, 1977, The Raleigh Register (Beckley, WV) page 4, Fiery 1977,
July 12, 1977, The Journal News (Hamilton, Ohio) page 4, Fire---a killer with an assortment of weapons, by Richard L. Worsnop, Editorial Research Reports
July 25, 1977, Northwest Arkansas Times (Fayetteville, AR) page 4, Disastrous Fires,
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October 25, 1977, New York Times, Homosexuals In New York Find New Pride; Gains Are Enormous, by Grace Lichtenstein, (Nine men were killed May 25 in a fire at the Everard Baths in Manhattan.) Everybody is optimistic that the anti-discrimination ordinance can be passed by the ..., View original in TimesMachine
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January 20, 1978, Arizona Gay News, page 9, One Person Dies in Castro Baths Fire,
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May 3, 1987, New York Times, 4 New York Bath Houses Still Operate Under City's Program of Inspections, by Scott Bronstein,More than a year after New York City closed several homosexual bathhouses because of ''unsafe'' sexual practices that it said occurred in them, four others remain open, and health officials say they have found no violations to warrant their closing.
At the same time, however, the officials acknowledge that despite regular inspections, they do not know whether men are practicing safe sex in the privacy of the small rooms of the bathhouses.
In late 1985, health officials said they feared that the baths might increase the spread of AIDS because unsafe sex occurred in them. In December 1985, after provisions were added to the Health Code that defined anal or oral sex as ''high risk'' sexual activities, health officials closed the New St. Marks bathhouse. In April last year , the Everard Spa, another bathhouse in Manhattan, was closed.
The closing of the New St. Marks baths followed the November closing of the Mineshaft, a bar and club patronized by homosexuals. In January 1985, Plato's Retreat, a club catering to heterosexuals, was closed.
'Demonstrated Our Concern'
The baths were closed, according to officials, because of unsafe sex that occurred in such public areas as showers, saunas and lounges. Now, the officials said, the public areas of the baths are inspected, but the private rooms are not.
"We've demonstrated our concern," the State Health Commissioner, Dr. David Axelrod, said. His department made unsafe sex a public-health issue.
"We cannot stop someone," Dr. Axelrod added. "Nor do we believe it is the responsibility of government to enter into someone's home. And we view the doors of the private rooms the same way.'
"There could be unsafe sex behind the closed doors, but our investigations do not deal with that,'' said Doron L. Gopstein, the city's first assistant corporation counsel, whose office enforces the city's health regulations. Confidence About Practices
Dr. Axelrod said even though officials did not know what occurred behind the closed doors, he was confident most sex in the bathhouses was now safe.
"Today, many of the baths openly encourage safe-sex practices," he said. "And based on our observations, dangerous sexual activities are no longer being encouraged and, in fact, are not occurring. We believe the remaining bathhouses have acted very responsibly.
"If we felt we could have a major additional impact by the removal of the doors in private rooms, then I think we would do so. But now, we feel we have demonstrated the extent to which public health should go."
The owners of bathhouses and customers also expressed confidence that the majority of the men at the bathhouses were practicing safe sex.
Lined Up to Pay
The new efforts to discourage unsafe sex, combined with a growing concern about acquired immune deficiency syndrome, have created a far more cautious atmosphere and behavior in the bathhouses than just a few years ago, according to patrons.
And the popularity of the baths is still quite evident.
On a recent Tuesday evening - new membership night - at the East Side Sauna Inc., the most popular and largest bath, at 227 East 56th Street, a line of 20 men waited to pay $10 for a one-year membership, plus $8 for a locker or $10 for a private room that night.
"Several years ago, right after the initial AIDS scare, there was a very big drop in our business,'' the general manager of the club, James Schwartz, said. ''But now it has gone up 20 to 25 percent since last year."
The other bathhouses are the Wall Street Club, at 1 Maiden Lane; the Northern Men's Sauna, at 33-65 Farrington Street in Flushing, Queens, and the Mount Morris Baths, at 1944 Madison Avenue, near 132d Street in East Harlem, health officials said.
Distribution of Condoms
The baths display large signs forbidding unsafe sex and warning about the dangers of transmitting AIDS through an exchange of body fluids. Some bathhouses, including the Wall Street and East Side Saunas, distribute a printed set of guidelines from the Gay Men's Health Crisis.
The baths also hand out condoms, often in packages that read: ''The contents of this envelope could save your life. Practice safe sex.''
On the recent evening at the East Side Sauna, men were ''cruising'' for partners, as they always have, passing one another silently in the narrow dim halls. After finding a partner, the men often returned to one of the 75 private rooms.
No sexual activity was evident in the halls or such other public places as the sauna, steam room or lounges.
'Lifeguard' on T-Shirts
Although there was once an "orgy room" at the sauna, Mr. Schwartz said now there was no group sex.
"It doesn't have to be unsafe when it happens," he said. "But it usually ends up that way - unsafe."
To enforce the rules, athletically built young men wearing T-shirts that say "Lifeguard" walk through the center "policing the halls," in the words of Mr. Schwartz. When the staff finds people breaking the rules, he said, the violators' memberships are revoked. He said that usually occurred several times a week.
The cautious atmosphere and behavior are not problems for most of the patrons, many of the customers said.
"I think it's more enjoyable," said Tom, a 28-year-old broker from Manhattan who asked that his last name not be printed. "Innocence is beginning to take hold again."
Workshop and Film
Bill, 40, a psychotherapist who asked to remain anonymous, has not been to the baths as a customer in three years. But he recently led a workshop at the East Side Sauna for the Gay Men's Health Crisis.
"There's a very different atmosphere at the baths now," he said. "I felt it was restrained."
In the middle of the evening, an announcement was made over a loudspeaker advertising a workshop by the health organization and a film on safe sex.
"Most questions center around transmission of the virus," the coordinator of AIDS prevention at the Gay Men's Health Crisis, Raymond M. Jacobs, said. ''The film shows how to negotiate safe sex with a partner and how to make safer sex sexually satisfying."
The film was shown in a small video lounge where pornographic films are shown the rest of the time - films that explicitly show men engaging in anything but safe sex.
Some homosexual leaders said the bathhouses provided an important center for AIDS education and could, in fact, help stem the spread of disease.
"Men who have sex with other men, but who do not call themselves gay," Mr. Jacobs said, "or men who are in the closet or who are very private about their sexual expression, these men tend to frequent bathhouses. But they don't go to gay forums, or buy gay papers, or go to other gay establishments where they might get AIDS-prevention information that could save their lives."
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October 1, 1988, New York Times, Health Officials Order Shutdown Of Gay Cinema, by Robert D. McFadden,
New York City yesterday closed an East Side cinema that caters to homosexuals, accusing the establishment of flagrantly violating state and city regulations against unsafe sexual activities and of operating an AIDS-virus breeding ground for profit.
Armed with a court order and affidavits by inspectors who said they saw scores of high-risk sex acts - anal intercourse and fellatio - on the premises over two months, city officials backed by the police entered the theater, Cinema 14, at 133 Third Avenue, near 14th Street, and, after evacuating the patrons and employees, padlocked it.
''Defendants are essentially operating an AIDS breeding ground with profit being the driving force,'' Dr. Stephen C. Joseph, the New York City Health Commissioner, said in a court affidavit. ''I am informed they do not even bother to advertise movies on the theater's marquee, which is always blank except for the theater's name.''
Cinema 14, an 80-seat theater that charged $5 and advertised ''All Male'' films that were not billed but always described as ''big hits,'' was the first business in New York City in 17 months to be closed under 1985 state regulations empowering local governments to close establishments where ''high-risk'' sexual practices were allowed.
Mine Shaft and Baths Closed
The state acted amid growing concern that bathhouses, clubs, bars and other establishments that afforded homosexual patrons places for sexual encounters were facilitating the spread of acquired immune deficiency syndrome. The AIDS virus is transmitted in exchanges of bodily fluids, such as blood and semen. It depresses the immune system and leaves victims -who are primarily homosexual men or intravenous drug users - prey to cancers, pneumonia and other diseases.
In late 1985, under the state regulations, the city closed a club, the Mine Shaft, on Washington Street near 12th Avenue, and the New St. Mark's Baths, at 6 St. Mark's Place. The Everard Spa bathhouse, at 28 West 28th Street, was closed in April, 1986. Plato's Retreat, a club catering to heterosexuals at Broadway and 73d Street, also was closed but later reopened.
Cinema 14 was the first theater closed under the state regulations, and Doron L. Gopstein, the First Assistant Corporation Counsel, whose office enforces the health regulations, said in a City Hall briefing that the city was sensitive to freedom-of-speech issues involved in theaters and had taken ''a far more cautious and comprehensive approach'' to the closing.
Other theaters catering to homosexuals have been responsive to city letter-writing appeals to restrain unsafe sexual practices on their premises and the city was not now moving against them, Mr. Gopstein said. No Condom Use Seen
Mr. Gopstein said that the closing had followed a series of letters from city officials to the owners of Cinema 14 - about a half-dozen individuals and corporations - warning that unsafe sex practices were common at the theater and asking that they be prohibited.
In two letters to Dr. Joseph, the owners acknowledged that they were aware of the practices and, according to the Health Commissioner, they promised to assign personnel to the theater to ''discourage sexual activity among the patrons.''
A sign in the theater lobby states that the theater prohibits high-risk sex on the premises, but inspectors said they never saw an employee attempt to discourage sexual activities, which were easily observable, nor did they ever see condoms used.
Other bathhouses dispense condoms and post signs encouraging safe sex.
In a series of visits in July and August, inspectors of the Consumer Affairs Department said they saw 67 incidents of high-risk sexual activity involving 117 individuals, according to affidavits submitted by the city yesterday to State Supreme Court Justice Stanley Ostrau.
There was no evidence that the owners of Cinema 14 were guilty of any criminal acts, Mr. Gopstein said. But he said that they could be subject under civil code regulations to fines of up to $1,000 for each prohibited sexual act witnessed on their premises.
Partitions With Small Holes
In graphic terms, the inspectors' affidavits described oral and anal sexual activities that they said took place in the theater's main seating area and in a dark lounge fitted with seven cubicles and partitions containing small holes to accommodate anonymous contacts.
Referring to promises by the theater management to do something about the activities, Dr. Joseph, in an affidavit, said: ''Given the degree of high-risk sexual activities regularly observed at Cinema 14, these statements at best indicated gross incompetence. More realistically, they indicate open complicity and encouragement.''
Shortly after 1 P.M., Justice Ostrau issued an injunction to permit the closing until a hearing Tuesday on whether to close the theater until all the litigation is competed. There was no comment yesterday by the theater owners or its management.
But Thomas B. Stoddard, executive director of the Lambda Legal Defense and Education Fund, said: ''We generally oppose all acts of this kind by the government. Consensual sexual activity by adults out of public view should always be beyond the eye and the arm of government.''
Gay and lesbian groups, which are among the leaders in opposing unsafe sexual practices, have opposed the closing of establishments catering to homosexuals in part because they believe it drives such practices underground, where information and education is less available.
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February 27, 1994, The Independent, Seven die in gay porn club fire,
A FIRE which killed seven people in a gay pornography cinema in central London may have been started deliberately, police said last night.
One person was confirmed dead in St Bartholomew's Hospital, six more bodies were found on the second floor and up to 23 people were injured in the blaze at the Dream City cinema, St John Street, Smithfield.
A number of the survivors are battling for their lives in hospital after suffering severe burns and jumping from the second floor of the building. At least one person suffered multiple fractures leaping from an upper storey window as the building was consumed by fire.
The building went up in what witnesses said was a giant fireball late yesterday afternoon. Ken Emsley, station commander at Euston, and one of the first fire officers at the scene, said later: 'It was a horrific incident. The worst I have experienced in my 30 years in the service.
'It was absolutely chaotic. We were working under extreme conditions, with so many people trying to get out of the building.' At one point, about 20 people were scrambling to get on to a single turntable ladder.
The first, second and third floors were ablaze and flames were shooting out of the ground floor over the pavement when fire crews arrived, he said.
Men jumped from the second-floor cinema as more than 50 firefighters fought the blaze.
It was not known how many people were in the building at the time of the fire. The cinema was a small private club showing pornographic films. Mr Emsley said the building was known to the fire brigade and the escapes were satisfactory. He said: 'In my experience, it is possible for fires to spread quickly, depending on what's burning and what is happening in the building.'
Some badly injured casualties were being transferred to burns units at St Andrew's Hospital, Billericay, Essex, and East Grinstead, West Sussex. Others went to University College Hospital, St Bartholomew's and the Royal London.
Valerie Martin, 44, who lives nearby, watched as about 20 people were carried from the burning building. She said: 'The fire started in a passageway by the video and cinema and it seemed almost immediately to shoot up through the building and through the roof.'
Mrs Martin saw two men aged between 18 and 22 laughing at the blaze and gave their descriptions to the police.
She said: 'There were people sitting in the gutter groaning. Most of them seemed to have burnt hands. They were all in a daze and didn't seem to know what was going on.
'I helped one guy. He seemed to be aged about 23.
'His head, neck, arms and back were burned. Steam was coming off him like he had been in a microwave.'
A student who saw the fire said: 'I saw two bodies lying on the ground outside the cinema. The flames went shooting up right through the building. It was really powerful - a fireball.'
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June 11, 2000, New York Times, Journey to an Overlooked Past, by Marcia Biederman,
By 1915, gay-only refuges had emerged in the form of Turkish baths, including the Everard Baths on 28th Street near Sixth Avenue and the ...
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2004, (New York: Columbia University Press) From Abyssinian to Zion: A Guide to Manhattan's Houses of Worship, by David W. Dunlap,
New York's most enduring and notorious gay bathhouse, the Everard, occupied what was once the Church of the Disciples of Christ, on West 28th Street [H29]. It was built in 1860 as Free Will Baptist and acquired five years layer by the Disciples of Christ. James Everard converted it into Turkish, Roman, and Electric Baths in 1888, By 1919, it had become a gay resort. It was still operating in 1977 when a dreadful fire claimed nine lives. The great Romanesque entry arch can still be seen at what is now the Yung Kee Wholesale Center.
The Disciples built a Romanesque church by Charles Mettam at 323 West 56th Street [K40] in 1883. They moved to what is now the Mount Pleasant Baptist Church, at 142 West 81st Street [M31], before crossing over to the East Side, to the Park Avenue Christian Church, at 1010 Park Avenue [N20]
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December 9, 2007, New York Times, A Diva Cruises Again, by Michael Shae,
Entire chapters are set in the Everard Baths, here less a gay cruising ground than a vortex of unidentified voices: "Where else may the ...
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October 29, 2008, New York Times, Herbert Mitchell, 83, Collector of Images, Is Dead, by David Dunlap,
Collection of Herbert Mitchell. The Everard Baths on 28th Street,
where gay New Yorkers met.
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October 28, 2008, New York Times, Herbert Mitchell, 83, Collector of Images, Is Dead
Herbert Mitchell, a Columbia University librarian who filled his high-ceilinged Morningside Heights apartment with rare stereographs, seductive daguerreotypes, Majolica ceramics, Parian statuary and cabinets full of 19th-century architectural books, a unique collection that became a treasure trove for scholars seeking the physical dimensions of a lost culture, died on Saturday in Manhattan. He was 83.
The cause was complications of Parkinson’s disease, said his attorney, George L. Carson.
At the Avery Architectural and Fine Arts Library at Columbia, where he worked from 1960 to 1991, and in his own sequestered apartment, he assembled something extraordinary, if slightly beyond description.
"His was the most eclectic collection of the valuable, the semi-valuable and the somewhat-not-valuable," Mr. Carson said. Much of it is to be given to the Metropolitan Museum of Art, he added.
The Met has already added to its photography collection the 3,866 stereographic views of New York City from the 19th and early 20th centuries that Mr. Mitchell donated in 2007. Most show Central Park not long after its construction. Some of these were published in the Winter 2008 issue of the museum bulletin, "Creating Central Park," by Morrison H. Heckscher.
Mr. Heckscher, the Lawrence A. Fleischman chairman of the American Wing at the Met, knew — as other curators and researchers did — that if their quest for historical images or artifacts crossed Mr. Mitchell's many areas of interest, he would make his holdings (or hoardings) available for books and exhibitions.
Jeff L. Rosenheim, curator in the department of photographs at the Met, who first met Mr. Mitchell 20 years ago prowling flea markets in the West 20s, said, "The eclectic nature of this collector and his essential values were astounding to me."
"It is a treasure trove of material awaiting public scholars," Mr. Rosenheim said.
Rives Herbert Mitchell was born in Bangor, Me., on Nov. 18, 1924. He would later say, in his economical way, "It's a good place to come from." He is survived by a sister, Dorothy Mitchell of Seattle.
Mr. Mitchell received a bachelor’s degree from the University of Maine in 1946 and a bachelor of science degree from the Columbia University School of Library Service in 1949. After working at the Art Institute of Chicago and Cornell University, he returned to Columbia in 1960.
He is credited by Columbia with the spectacular growth of Avery's classics collection, including presentation drawings of the church of San Giovanni in Laterano by Giovanni Battista Piranesi and a copy of a 1775 book, "A Collection of Designs in Architecture," one of the first books on architecture published in North America.
But he was equally avid in acquiring ordinary trade catalogues, showing architectural hardware, flooring materials, paints, wallpapers, plumbing fixtures and the like — now an invaluable resource for anyone restoring or researching historical interiors.
"One of his real interests was ephemera — that part of history that disappears," said Kitty Chibnik, the associate director of Avery.
Among Mr. Mitchell's first gifts to the Met was a daguerreotype of a costumed theatrical character known as the "wily Yankee," a mid-century forerunner of Uncle Sam. He is depicted as a dandy in a stovepipe hat whittling a stick of wood that he holds in a most provocative fashion. Mr. Rosenheim called it a stunning work. Another daguerreotype from the 1850s shows two men seated closely together. One man's leg is draped tenderly over the other's.
Mr. Mitchell once referred to his collections as his children, Mr. Carson said. He had no others.
"If he liked it, he bought it," Mr. Carson said. "And he bought everything. That's why he ended up with no money. He said, 'I just like having beautiful things around me.'"
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September 27, 1976, The Village Voice, The Bath Life Gets Respectability, by Arthur Bell,
June 25, 1977, The Guardian, The Bay Goes Gay, by Christopher Reed,
1994, Basic Books, Gay New York: Gender, Urban Culture, and the Making of the Gay Male World, by George Chauncey
July 4, 2010, Back in the Gay, Brief History of the Everard Baths and Video of the 1977 Fire, by Cisco,
April 7, 2012, Gay History, New York's Everard Baths fire, by Paul,
June 25, 2014, The Guardian, From the archive, 25 June 1977: The Bay goes gay, by Christopher Reed,
1975 Midtown Blaze FDNY (Paddy Brown Being Treated by EMS BEFORE he was an FDNY Fireman)
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1975 Midtown Blaze FDNY (Paddy Brown Being Treated by EMS BEFORE he was an FDNY Fireman)
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June 25, 1977, The Guardian, The Bay Goes Gay, by Christopher Reed,
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The Mercury on Newspapers.com
www.newspapers.com/newspage/42413011/
Cached
The owner of the Everard Baths said that there were between 80 and 100 persons in the building when the fire broke out. ... Michael Rhone of Manhattan. Rhone ...
Page 7 - Newspapers.com
www.newspapers.com/newspage/3727247/
Cached
Michael Rhone of Manhattan. ... on 28th Street between Broadway and Sixth Avenue, dates to 1888 and got its name from beer baron Jim Everard who made it a ...
The Morning Herald on Newspapers.com
www.newspapers.com/newspage/63847895/
Cached
... and got Its name from beer baron Jim Everard who made it a bathhouse in 1M7. ... walls so the fire could spread," said the actor, Michael Rhone of Manhattan.
Beckley Post-Herald on Newspapers.com
www.newspapers.com/newspage/22421267/
Cached
... four-story building containing the Everard Baths had tried ineffectually to fight ... walls so the fire could spread," said the actor, Michael Rhone of Manhattan.
Bathhouse Fire Fatal To Nine . - Google News
news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1876&dat...
pants of the four-story structure housing the Everard Baths had tried ... up the walls so the fire could spread," said the actor, Michael Rhone of Manhattan.
Titusville Herald , Thursday, May 26, 1977 : Front Page
newspaperarchive.com/us/pennsylvania/.../05-26...
Cached
May 26, 1977 - ... the occupants of the four-story building containing the Everard Baths ... the actor Michael Rhone of Man hat tan Rhone described the scene ...
Uniontown Morning Herald, Thursday, May 26, 1977, Page 17
newspaperarchive.com/us/...herald/.../page-17
Cached
May 26, 1977 - ... building containing the Everard Baths had tried in- effectually to fight the ... walls so the fire could said the actor, Michael Rhone of Manhattan.
Post Herald, Thursday, May 26, 1977 : Front Page
newspaperarchive.com › ... › 1977 Post Herald
May 26, 1977 - ... the Everard Baths had tried ineffectually to fight the fire themselves, and ... walls so the fire could said the actor, Michael Rhone of Manhattan.
Jan. 5, 1919, NYT Machine,
June 1, 1913, New York Times, James Everard Dead; Made a Fortune in Real Estate and Brewery -- Known for His Charities,
April 13, 1921, New York Times, Old Everard Baths Sold,
April 14, 1921, New-York Tribune, page 9, Everard Bath To Be Extensively Altered,
April 23, 1916, NYT, Everard Realty at Auction,
May 4, 1916, NYY, Everard Realty Holdings Sell for $608,100 in the Auction Room,
February 3, 1919, NYT, 150 Asleep in Gas-Filled Bathhouse.
...patron of Shumer's Turkish baths, 1387 East York Avenue, Brooklyn...swung a towel over a burning gas jet yesterday morning and put it out- - the cock. View original in TimesMachine,
October 2, 1919, NYT, World's Series Echoes,
Evon Turkish bath houses were converted into sleeping . Hundreds of guests were quartered with private families. Manager Tris Speaker of tho (Cleveland ... View original in TimesMachine,
1 comment:
Nice read through. Producing expertise. Cherished the Tale. saunajournal.com
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