1776, A Map of the / Middle British Colonies in North America. First Published by Mr. Lewis Evans, of Philadelphia, in 1755; / and since corrected and improved, as also extended, / with the Addition of New England, and bordering Parts of Canada; / from Actual Surveys now lying at the Board of Trade. / By T. Pownall MP. / With a Topographical Description of such Parts of North America / as are contained in this Map, / Printed & Published according to Act of Parliament for J. Almon in Piccadilly, London. / March 25th, 1776. / [lower left corner, outside cartouche:] Engraved by Jas Turner in Philadelphia. Insets: Evans' acknowledgement "To the Honorable Thomas Pownall, Esq., A Sketch of the remaining Part of Ohio R. & c.", and a "Table of Travelling Distances," 49.5 x 84 cm. (neat line). 57 x 97 cm. (paper size) No scale given.
(David Rumsey)
(Huntington Digital Library)
Explanation: / THE ITALIC CAPITALS / shew the Seats of the Indians; / White ABC. Nations extinct, / Blue ABC. Antient Seats . . . or Nations nearly extinct, / Black ABC. Nations still consid / erable. / Δ Indian Towns. . P. Portages. / X C. in Indian Words sounds as / it does in Greek, ar as ch in / Welsh or German . . . TR Head / of the Tide.
To the Honorable Thomas Pownall Esq.r / Permit me, Sir, to pay You this Tribute of Gratitude. / for the great Assistance You have given me in this Map; and to / assure the Public, that it has pass the Examination of a Gentleman, / whom I esteem the best Judge of it in America: / Your most obedient, / and most humble Servant, / Evans.
The Confederates, July 19, 1701, at Albany, surrendered this their Beaver-Hunting Country to the English, to be defended by them, for the said Confederates, their Heirs and Successors forever. And the same was confirmed Sept.r 14, 1726; when the Senecas, Caiugas and Onondagas surrendered their Habitations from Cayahoga to Oswego, and Sixty Miles inland, to the same, for the same Use.
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1749, A map of Pensilvania, New-Jersey, New-York, and the three Delaware Counties / by Lewis Evans. MDCCXLIX. Published by Lewis Evans March 25, 1749 according to Act of Parliament. L. Hebert sculpt.
Ms. note on verso reads "To Mr. Peter Colenson from his most humble servt. The Author. Philida. June 29, 1749". This is the earliest known Evans map. See Henry N. Stevens' Third Edition of "Lewis Evans, His Map of the Middle British Colonies in America..." London, 1924, Huntington GA407 E9 S82. This volume also contain the Second Edition of Stevens' work printed in 1920, and a facsimile of a reprint of Evans' map done in 1752 with numerous corrections, known here as 18212a. Views of that map are of Steven's reproduction. Governor Pownall in his "Topographical Description of North America", 1776, notes Evans' 1749 map as "printed at Philadelphia 1749.." Distance table. MS note: 18212. Prime meridian: London, Philadelphia. Relief: pictorial. Graphic Scale: Miles. Projection: Pseudocylindrical. Printing Process: Copper engraving.
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1752, A map of Pensilvania, New-Jersey, New-York, and the three Delaware Counties / by Lewis Evans. MDCCXLIX.; Published by Lewis Evans March 23, 1749 according to an Act of Parliament. The Second edition July 1752.; A map containing a great amount of text regarding weather, surveying, and the countryside. Not as well known as his "General Map..." For the 1749 original, see RB 18212; for a facsimile of this edition, see RB 18195 anal. Distance table between cities. Prime meridian: London, Philadelphia. Relief: pictorial. Projection: Cylindrical. Printing Process: Copper engraving. Verso Text: MS note: 53261.
1 map 64 x 49 cm., sheet 64 x 49 cm., # 53261
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1755, A general map of the middle British Colonies, in America; viz Virginia, Màriland, Dèlaware, Pensilvania, New-Jersey, New-York, Connecticut, and Rhode Island: of Aquanishuonîgy, the country of the Confederate Indians; comprehending Aquanishounîgy proper, their place of residence, Ohio and Tïiuxsoxrúntie their deer-hunting countries, Couxsaxráge and Skaniadaráde, their beaver-hunting countries; of the Lakes Erie, Ontário and Champlain, and of part of New-France: wherein is also shewn the antient and present seats of the Indian Nations / by Lewis Evans, 1755; To the Honourable Thomas Pownall Esq. Permit me, Sir, to pay You this Tribute of Gratitude, for the great Assistance You have given me in this Map; and to assure the Public, that it has past the Examination of a Gentleman, whom I esteem the best Judge of it in America: Your most obedient, and most humble Servant, L. Evans.; Want of Room obliges me to refer my Thanks to the many Gentlemen who favoured me with their Notes in this Performance, to the Analysis.; Published according to Act of Parliament by Lewis Evans June 23, 1755 and sold by R. Dodley, in Pall Mall, London, & by the Author in Philadelphia. Engraved by Ja. Turner in Philadelphia.; Evans 1755 map is now landscape and includes more westerly parts of North America. A submap extends the course of the Ohio River to the Mississippi. Evans notes Fry and Jefferson's map of Virginia and notes agreement of Longitudinal observations with Thomas Godfrey. The "Analysis" referred to is a 32 page quarto written by Evans and printed by B. Franklin and D. Hall at Philadelphia in 1755 describing the country and boundaries. This map normally accompanied that publication. A copy of the Analysis accompanies the maps in the same folder, along with a copy of Pownall's 1776 "Topographical Description of North America." Submap: A sketch of the Remaining part of the Ohio R., &c. MS note: 18213. Prime meridian: London, Philadelphia. Relief: pictorial. Graphic Scale: Miles. Projection: Pseudocylindrical. Printing Process: Copper engraving. Verso Text: Stamped: II. MS notes: Shelve with #18212 Evans, Lewis ; #18213.
Yale Beinecke Digital Collections
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1756, "The Thomas Kitchin Piracy," A general map of the middle British Colonies, in America : viz Virginia, Maryland, Delaware, Pensilvania, New-Jersey, New-York, Connecticut, and Rhode Island ; of Aquanishuonigy the country of the Confederate Indians, comprehending Aquanishuonigy proper, their places of residence, Ohio and Thuchsochruntie their deer hunting countries, Couchsahrage and Skaniadarade, their beaver-hunting countries ; of the Lakes Erie, Ontario and Champlain, and of part of New-France ; wherein is also shewn the antient and present seats of the Indian Nations ; carefully copied from the original publish'd at Philadelphia / by Mr. Lewis Evans 1755, with some improvements by I. Gibson.; Sold by T. Kitchin Engraver & Printseller at the Star opposite Ely Gate Holborn. 1756 Price 2s. # 18214
Reproduction. This appears to be the earliest plagiarism of Evans map. Kitchin made a new plate incorporating Evans' map but eliminating the dedication and replacing it with words from Evans' Analysis (see Preface). Several other statements are also lifted from that source, but in some cases abridged, to show the French as usurpers of British territory. This appears to be the only photo-reproduction in this set of maps, the rest being original copper plate engravings. Note slightly wider but also shorter than 18213. Pownall in his later discussion thought this variant was first done by Thomas Jefferys and criticized the haphazard mountains and poorer engraving. See 18215 by Jefferys from same plate. Submap: A sketch of the Remaining part of the Ohio R., &c. MS note: 18214 Stamp: British Museum, 6 April 1892. Prime meridian: London, Philadelphia. Relief: pictorial. Graphic Scale: Miles. Projection: Pseudocylindrical. Printing Process: Photographic reproduction. Verso Text: Stamped: III. MS notes: Shelve with #18212 Evans, Lewis ; #18214.
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1758, ["The Jeffreys Piracy"] A general map of the middle British Colonies, in America : viz. Virginia, Maryland, Delaware, Pensilvania, New-Jersey, New-York, Connecticut, and Rhode-Island ; of Aquanishuonigy the country of the Confederate Indians, comprehending Aquanishuonigy proper, their places of residence, Ohio and Thuchsochruntie their deer hunting countries, Couchsahrage and Skaniadarade, their beaver-hunting countries ; of the Lakes Erie, Ontario and Champlain, exhibiting the antient and present seats of the Indian Nations / published by Mr. Lewis Evans at Philadelphia ; corrected and improved with the additions of the line of forts on the back settlements, by Thos. Jefferys Geographer to the King.
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1760, [circa] A general map of the middle British Colonies, in America : viz Virginia Maryland Delaware Pensilvania New Jersey New York Connecticut & Rhode Island ; of Aquanishuonigy, the country of the Confederate Indians, comprehending Aquanishuonigy proper, their places of residence, Ohio and Thuchsochruntie their deer-hunting countries, Couchsachrage and Skaniadarade, their beaver-hunting countries of the Lakes Erie, Ontario & Champlain and of part of New France wherein is also shewn the antient & present seats of the Indian Nations carefully copied from the original publish'd at Philadelphia by Mr. Lewis Evans. [London] This is an anonymous copy of the Jefferys map of 1758, completely re-engraved. The scale is slightly different and the cartouche lacks a decorative border. Stevens surmises this may have been a proof copy of a map to be issued by Thomas Bowles or John Bowles but held until peace negotiations were completed. The map was later issued ca. 1765 by John Bowles and Carington Bowles, see 18218. Submap: A sketch of the Remaining part of the Ohio R., &c. MS note: 18216. Prime meridian: London, Philadelphia. Relief: pictorial. Graphic Scale: Miles. Projection: Pseudocylindrical. Printing Process: Copper engraving. Verso Text: Stamped: V. MS notes: Shelve with #18212 Evans, Lewis ; #18216 ; (pirated issue, ca. 1760). 1 map ; 50 x 65 cm., sheet 51 x 67 cm.
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[1763-1768] A general map of the middle British Colonies, in America : viz. Virginia, Maryland, Delaware, Pensilvania, New-Jersey, New-York, Connecticut, and Rhode-Island ; of Aquanishuonigy the country of the Confederate Indians, comprehending Aquanishuonigy proper, their places of residence, Ohio and Thuchsochruntie their deer hunting countries, Couchsahrage and Skaniadarade, their beaver-hunting countries ; of the Lakes Erie, Ontario and Champlain, exhibiting the antient and present seats of the Indian Nations / published by Mr. Lewis Evans at Philadelphia ; corrected and improved with the additions of the line of forts on the back settlements, by Thos. Jefferys Geographer to the King; [Inscribed bottom right corner: Sold by R. Sayer in Fleet Street & T. Jeffereys Charing Cross 1758 Price 2s. 6p.] This is a reissue of the Jefferys map of 1758 with considerable alteration. New France is dropped from the title but "Part of New France" remains on the map itself. The scale is slightly different but may simply be differences in paper shrinkage. Stevens suggests this map was issued as a separate sometime between 1763 and 1768, then included as part of "A General Topography of North America", published by R. Sayer & T. Jeffereys in 1768. Submap: A sketch of the Remaining part of the Ohio R., &c. MS note: 18217. Prime meridian: London, Philadelphia. Relief: pictorial. Graphic Scale: Miles. Projection: Pseudocylindrical. Printing Process: Copper engraving. Verso Text: Stamped: VI. MS notes: Shelve with #18212 Evans, Lewis; Huntington # 18217
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1768, A general map of the middle British Colonies, in America : viz Virginia, Maryland, Delaware, Pensilvania, New-Jersey, New York, Connecticut & Rhode Island ; of Aquanishuonigy, the country of the Confederate Indians comprehending Aquanishuonigy ...proper, their places of residence, Ohio & Thuchsochruntie their deer-hunting countries, Couchsachrage and Skaniadarade, their beaver-hunting countries ; of the Lakes Erie, Ontario and Champlain ; wherein is also shewn the antient & present seats of the Indian Nations ; carefully copied from the original publish'd at Philadelphia / by Mr. Lewis Evans. London. Printed for John Bowles at the Black Horse in Cornhil, & Carrington Bowles in St. Pauls Churchyard. Map 18216 is an anonymous copy printed about 1760. That plate has now been modified by the inclusion of a border around the title, the elimination of New France from the title and map face and the addition of John and Carington Bowles names just below the title. This adds credence to Stevens' thought that 18216 is a proof copy, never issued until this plate was completed. Carington Bowles apparently succeeded his uncle Thomas Bowles in 1764 or 1765. Submap: A sketch of the Remaining part of the Ohio R., &c. MS note: 18218. Prime meridian: London, Philadelphia. Relief: pictorial. Graphic Scale: Miles. Projection: Pseudocylindrical. Printing Process: Copper engraving. Verso Text: Stamped: VII. MS notes: Shelve with #18212 Evans, Lewis ; #18218.
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1768, A general map of the middle British Colonies, in America : viz Virginia, Maryland, Delaware, Pensilvania, New-Jersey, New York, Connecticut & Rhode Island ; of Aquanishuonigy, the country of the Confederate Indians comprehending Aquanishuonigy, the country of the Confederate Indians comprehending Aquanishuonigy proper, their places of residence, Ohio & Thuchsochruntie their deer-hunting countries, Couchsachrage and Skaniadarade, their beaver-hunting countries ; of the Lakes Erie, Ontario and Champlain ; wherein is also shewn the antient & present seats of the Indian Nations ; carefully copied from the original publish'd at Philadelphia / by Mr. Lewis Evans; London. Printed for John Bowles at the Black Horse in Cornhil, & Carrington Bowles in St. Pauls Churchyard; [Huntington lists this as ca. 1765?] Map 18216 [see: ca. 1760, above] is an anonymous copy printed about 1760. That plate has now been modified by the inclusion of a border around the title, the elimination of New France from the title and map face and the addition of John and Carington Bowles names just below the title. This adds credence to Stevens' thought that 18216 is a proof copy, never issued until this plate was completed. Carington Bowles apparently succeeded his uncle Thomas Bowles in 1764 or 1765. Submap: A sketch of the Remaining part of the Ohio R., &c. MS note: 18218. Prime meridian: London, Philadelphia. Relief: pictorial. Graphic Scale: Miles. Projection: Pseudocylindrical. Printing Process: Copper engraving. Verso Text: Stamped: VII. MS notes: Shelve with #18212 Evans, Lewis; #18218.
Carington Bowles, apprenticed in his father's shop since 1741, then became partners in 1752 or 1753, under the name of John Bowles & Son at the Black Horse in Cornhil. When his uncle Thomas Bowles died, Carington Bowles took over his shop in St Paul's Churchyard. The Huntington's note says that "Carington Bowles apparently succeeded his uncle Thomas Bowles in 1764 or 1765," while British Printed Images To 1700 says "It has been assumed that Carington moved to St Paul's Churchyard in 1767 when Thomas II died, but the date 1766 appears with Carington's name as publisher at St Paul's Churchyard on a portrait of Lord Camden (Faber Junior, Chaloner Smith, 52.II)." Furthermore, bpi1700 says John Bowles shop at the Black Horse in Cornhil "was damaged by fire in 1766 and the business moved back temporarily to Mercers' Hall, Cheapside. By 1768 its address was 13 Cornhill (possibly the same premises as the former Black Horse)," For the publishing credit to read "[p]rinted for John Bowles at the Black Horse in Cornhil, & Carrington Bowles in St. Pauls Churchyard," suggests a date of 1768 or later (and there is a reason why these editions were left undated. No one was likely to emigrate with copy in hand, only to discover a mountain range where they'd expected to find a swamp. The enduring fascination with A general map of the middle British Colonies, in America was its coincidence with the dawning of Manifest Destiny, and the opening up of vast tracts of free or low-cost land. While the impetus of parasitic printmakers was to capitalize on the aftermath of the Fourth Intercolonial War (1754–1763) by readying some apparently fresh product, given the pace in the 18th century, "rushed to market" could really mean several years.)________________________________________________________________________________
1771, A general map of the middle British Colonies, in America : viz. Virginia, Maryland, Delaware, Pensilvania, New-Jersey, New York, Connecticut & Rhode Island ; of Aquanishuonigy the country of the Confederate Indians comprehending Aquanishuonigy the country of the Confederate Indians comprehending Aquanishuonigy proper, their places of residence, Ohio & Thuchsochruntie their deer-hunting countries, Couchsachrage and Skaniadarade, their beaver-hunting countries, of the Lakes Erie, Ontario and Champlain ; wherein is also shewn the antient & present seats of the Indian Nations ; carefully copied from the original publish'd at Philadelphia / by Mr. Lewis Evans. Printed for Carington Bowles, at No. 69 in St. Pauls Church Yard, London Publish'd Jany. 1. 1771.; This map is referred to in Stevens as a second edition of Carington Bowles map number 18219. Differences include: CANADA in 5/16 inch letters across upper section. Connecticut River extended north to 45°. Tentative boundary with Canada shown by colored line. Date unchanged from 18219. Publication date assigned because in 1774 the boundary with Canada was under debate in Parliament. Many notes regarding various Indian tribes and relations with French claims north of the Ohio River. Sub map: A Sketch of the Remaining Part of the Ohio R. &c. MS note:18220. Prime meridian: GM, Philadelphia. Relief: pictorial. Graphic Scale: Miles. Projection: Conic. Printing Process: Copper engraving.
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+by+Pownall,+Thomas,.jpeg)
1776, A Topographical Description of Such Parts of North America as are Contained in the (Annexed) Map of the Middle British Colonies, in North America. By T. Pownall, M.P. Late Governor, &c, &c. of His Majesty's Provinces of Massachusetts Bay and South Carolina, and Lieutenant Governor of New Jersey. London: Printed for J. Almon, opposite Burlington House, in Piccadilly. MDCCLXXVI [1776] (with) A Map of the Middle British Colonies in North America. First Published by Mr. Lewis Evans, of Philadelphia, in 1755; and since corrected and improved, as also extended with the addition of New England, and bordering Parts of Canada; from actual Surveys now lying at the Board of trade. By T. Pownall MP. With a Topographical Description of such Part of North America as are contained in this Map. Printed & Published according to Act of Parliament for J. Almon in Piccadilly, London. March 25th, 1776. (with 8 page prospectus for this work) Speedily with be Published... A Map of the Middle British Colonies... with A Topographical Description...by Pownall, Thomas, 1722-1805
Evans, Lewis, 1700?-1756
Turner, James, d. 1759
Gist, Christopher, d. 1750
short title: Prospectus for publishing the Topographical Description (continued) 1776
Publisher : John Almon
Publisher Location : London
Type : Text Page
Obj Height cm : 21
obj height cm : 21
Obj Width cm : 14
obj width cm : 14
Reference : Buck 28a; Graff 3341; Howes P-543; McCorkle (New England) 776.24; Sabin 64832 & 64835; Schwartz & Ehrenberg, p. 162, plate 98 (1755 edn.); Sellers & Van Ee 710; Streeter sale 826 (this copy).
David Rumsey List No : 6901.041
Page No : prospectus 4-5
Series No: 41
Pub Note : This work contains an updated version of Lewis Evans' important 1755 "Map of the Middle British Colonies in North America," using the original plate engraved by James Turner with revisions and adding an eastern extension to cover New England; and Pownall's "Topographical Description" which describes the areas contained in the updated map; and six important appendices of writings by explorers in the region plus parts of Evans' original essay on his 1755 edition of the map -
I. The account of Capt. Anthony Van Schaick of the ground between the entrance of lake Chaplain at Crown point, and the mouth of Otter creek --
II. Captain Anthony Van Schaik's journal, 1756 --
III. Captain Hobb's account of the way from No. 4. in New Hampshire, to the mouth of Otter creek --
IV. Extracts from the journal of Captain Harry Gordon...who was sent from Fort Pitt...to Illinois, in 1766 -- V. Extract from Mr. Lewis Evans' journal. 1743 --
VI. A journal of Christopher Gist's journey. This copy of the Pownall belonged to Thomas Streeter (Streeter 826) and includes a rare 8 page prospectus for publishing the work that was printed in November, 1775. Henry Stevens ties this work directly to Evans, saying it "may be described as a new and much enlarged edition of both Evans' Map and his Analysis of 1755." Evans is considered "America's greatest eighteenth century cartographer" by Schwartz and Ehrenberg, and Pownall was hugely accomplished in pre-Revolutionary America, serving as Governor General of Massachusetts and traveling widely in the colonies in various roles in the British colonial administration. Pownall's map is considered the best updated edition of the Evans 1755 map, of the many later copies of Evans that were issued by Jefferys, Sayer, and others. In the prospectus, Pownall criticizes Jefferys' copy of Evans saying it "might as well be a map of the face of the moon."
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Notes:
Ill Bethisad Wiki Aquanishuonigy,
1776, A Topographical Description of Such Parts of North America as are Contained in the (Annexed) Map of the Middle British Colonies, in North America. by T. Pownall, M. P. , Late Governor, &c. &c. of His Majesty's Provinces of Massachusetts Bay and South Carolina, and Lieutenant Governor of New Jersey. (London: J. Almon, opposite Burlington House, in Piccadilly, 1776, (David Rumsey)
Lewis Evans; His Map of the Middle British Colonies in America; A Comparative Account of Ten Different Editions Published Between 1755 and 1807, by Henry N. Stevens (London: Henry Stevens, Son, and Stiles, 39 Great Russell Street, Over Against the South-West Corner of The British Museum, 1905)
The New York Review, Volume 8; Volumes 15-16, by Lambert Lilly, page 195, Art. VIII.--The right of the United States if America to the Northeastern Boundary claimed by them. Principally extracted from the statements laid before the King of the Netherlands, and revised by Albery Gallatin, with an Appendix and eight maps, (New York: 1840)
Biblioteca Americana: A Dictionary of Books Relating to America From Its Discovery to the Present Time, Volume 15, By Joseph Sabin, (New-York: Sabin, 21 & 23 Ann Street. 1885) page 384,
A Catalogue of the Everett D. Graff Collection of Western Americana, Compiled by Colton Storm, by Newberry Library, page 507, Lot # 3341
January 30, 2014, Laurence Worms: Essays and Lectures, A Mapmaker’s Dispute – The Piracy Correspondence, by Laurence Worms - Ash Rare Books,
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